1960 Pittsburgh Pirates
Baseball Player Won-Loss Records
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1960 Pittsburgh Pirates
*
Traditional Statistics and Splits (Retrosheet)
Pittsburgh Pirates -
Franchise Page
(Regular Season)
(
1960 National League
)
Postseason
Positional Average
(Weighted Avg of Options): 0.500
(1-Year)
(9-Year)
(Long-Run)
Positional Averages for Pitchers
(Wgted Avg of Options): "0.500
"vs. Different Values for Starting vs. Relief Pitchers: (Empirical)
(Based on Pitchers who Do Both)
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Roberto Clemente
22.4
16.1
4.9
6.8
20.4
18.1
0.9
2.8
Don Hoak
20.8
15.7
4.6
6.5
19.8
16.7
2.5
4.3
Dick Groat
20.1
16.6
4.1
5.9
18.8
17.9
1.5
3.4
Bill Mazeroski
18.4
14.8
4.2
5.9
17.0
16.2
1.4
3.1
Bob Skinner
22.8
19.6
1.5
3.7
21.4
21.0
-1.4
0.8
Hal W. Smith
8.3
5.6
2.9
3.6
7.5
6.3
1.5
2.2
Bill Virdon
14.2
12.6
0.9
2.3
13.9
12.9
0.2
1.5
Smoky Burgess
8.4
7.4
1.4
2.2
8.3
7.5
1.2
2.1
Dick Stuart
12.8
10.8
0.9
2.1
12.4
11.1
0.2
1.4
Dick Schofield Sr.
3.4
2.9
0.6
1.0
3.2
3.1
0.3
0.6
Joe Christopher
2.2
1.4
0.7
0.9
1.7
1.8
-0.2
0.0
Rocky Nelson
6.1
5.3
0.2
0.8
6.1
5.3
0.3
0.9
Bob Oldis
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
Gene Baker
0.8
0.8
-0.0
0.1
0.7
0.8
-0.1
-0.0
R.C. Stevens
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
-0.0
0.0
Gino Cimoli
9.4
9.8
-1.0
0.0
9.4
9.8
-1.1
-0.1
Dick Barone
0.0
0.0
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.1
-0.0
-0.0
Roman Mejias
0.0
0.1
-0.0
-0.0
0.0
0.1
-0.0
-0.0
Mickey Vernon
0.2
0.2
-0.1
-0.0
0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
Harry Bright
0.0
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.1
-0.1
Danny Kravitz
0.0
0.2
-0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
170.7
140.3
25.7
41.6
161.4
149.7
6.9
22.7
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Vern Law
18.4
13.6
5.7
7.6
17.1
14.8
3.4
5.3
Bob Friend
16.6
15.4
2.2
4.2
17.2
14.9
3.7
5.7
Vinegar Bend Mizell
9.4
7.9
2.0
3.1
9.0
8.3
1.5
2.6
Harvey Haddix
10.5
9.6
1.6
2.8
10.4
9.8
1.3
2.5
Roy Face
7.2
6.6
0.5
1.8
7.6
6.2
1.2
2.5
Clem Labine
1.8
1.0
0.8
1.1
1.6
1.2
0.4
0.6
Tom Cheney
3.0
3.1
0.0
0.4
2.7
3.3
-0.4
-0.0
Joe Gibbon
3.6
3.9
-0.2
0.3
3.6
3.9
-0.2
0.4
Earl Francis
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.1
Diomedes Olivo
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
Don Gross
0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.0
0.0
Paul Giel
0.8
1.1
-0.3
-0.1
0.8
1.1
-0.3
-0.1
George Witt
1.4
1.9
-0.4
-0.2
1.3
1.9
-0.5
-0.3
Fred Green
2.8
3.8
-1.0
-0.4
3.5
3.1
0.2
0.8
Bennie Daniels
1.6
2.7
-0.9
-0.6
1.7
2.6
-0.7
-0.4
Jim Umbricht
1.8
2.9
-1.1
-0.7
2.0
2.8
-0.8
-0.4
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
79.8
74.2
9.2
19.5
79.3
74.6
8.9
19.2
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
TEAM TOTALS
250.5
214.5
34.9
61.2
240.7
224.3
15.7
41.9
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Roberto Clemente
13.6
11.7
0.537
1.5
1.4
0.524
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.3
5.1
0.512
Don Hoak
13.6
11.1
0.550
1.3
1.2
0.512
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.8
4.5
0.517
Dick Groat
11.6
11.0
0.514
1.3
1.2
0.536
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.7
5.8
0.496
Bill Mazeroski
10.1
10.3
0.495
0.8
0.6
0.585
0.0
0.0
0.000
6.0
5.4
0.527
Bob Skinner
13.4
12.1
0.526
1.0
1.5
0.400
0.0
0.0
0.000
7.1
7.3
0.491
Hal W. Smith
6.6
5.3
0.555
0.3
0.3
0.451
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.7
0.8
0.471
Bill Virdon
8.3
8.1
0.505
1.1
0.8
0.573
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.5
4.0
0.530
Smoky Burgess
7.0
6.3
0.527
0.3
0.5
0.424
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.9
0.7
0.570
Dick Stuart
10.7
9.1
0.539
0.4
0.5
0.483
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.3
1.5
0.467
Dick Schofield Sr.
1.9
1.7
0.522
0.2
0.2
0.471
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.1
1.1
0.503
Joe Christopher
1.0
1.1
0.490
0.3
0.3
0.539
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.4
0.5
0.449
Rocky Nelson
4.9
4.1
0.546
0.5
0.4
0.522
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.7
0.7
0.475
Bob Oldis
0.3
0.3
0.494
0.0
0.0
0.809
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.1
0.423
Gene Baker
0.5
0.7
0.426
0.1
0.1
0.582
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.468
R.C. Stevens
0.0
0.1
0.004
0.0
0.0
0.160
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.0
0.939
Gino Cimoli
6.0
6.5
0.479
0.6
0.4
0.578
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.9
2.9
0.497
Dick Barone
0.0
0.0
0.001
0.0
0.0
0.909
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.468
Roman Mejias
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.476
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Mickey Vernon
0.1
0.2
0.368
0.0
0.0
0.805
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Harry Bright
0.0
0.1
0.006
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
Danny Kravitz
0.1
0.2
0.260
0.0
0.0
0.227
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.387
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
109.6
100.2
0.523
9.8
9.4
0.512
0.0
0.0
0.000
41.6
40.4
0.507
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Vern Law
1.1
1.4
0.441
0.1
0.0
0.749
15.2
13.4
0.532
0.4
0.4
0.534
Bob Friend
0.6
1.8
0.246
0.1
0.1
0.472
15.9
12.7
0.557
0.4
0.5
0.432
Vinegar Bend Mizell
0.5
1.1
0.318
0.0
0.1
0.121
8.3
7.0
0.544
0.1
0.2
0.366
Harvey Haddix
1.0
1.1
0.463
0.1
0.0
0.644
8.8
8.5
0.508
0.5
0.3
0.620
Roy Face
0.2
0.2
0.520
0.0
0.0
0.424
7.0
6.0
0.539
0.2
0.1
0.718
Clem Labine
0.0
0.1
0.216
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.5
1.1
0.579
0.0
0.0
0.429
Tom Cheney
0.3
0.3
0.464
0.0
0.0
0.768
2.4
2.9
0.460
0.1
0.1
0.412
Joe Gibbon
0.2
0.3
0.370
0.0
0.0
0.265
3.3
3.3
0.498
0.1
0.3
0.344
Earl Francis
0.0
0.1
0.001
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.3
0.2
0.582
0.0
0.0
0.806
Diomedes Olivo
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.2
0.523
0.0
0.0
0.534
Don Gross
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.466
0.0
0.0
0.000
Paul Giel
0.0
0.1
0.018
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.8
1.0
0.447
0.0
0.0
0.350
George Witt
0.0
0.2
0.032
0.0
0.1
0.105
1.3
1.6
0.446
0.0
0.0
0.423
Fred Green
0.1
0.0
0.765
0.0
0.0
0.363
3.2
3.0
0.517
0.1
0.2
0.367
Bennie Daniels
0.2
0.4
0.364
0.0
0.0
0.587
1.5
2.1
0.422
0.0
0.1
0.412
Jim Umbricht
0.1
0.1
0.448
0.0
0.0
0.538
1.9
2.7
0.419
0.0
0.0
0.617
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
4.2
7.1
0.373
0.4
0.4
0.476
71.9
65.7
0.522
2.1
2.2
0.488
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
TEAM TOTALS
113.8
107.2
0.515
10.2
9.8
0.510
71.9
65.7
0.522
43.7
42.6
0.506
eWin, eLoss, eWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Smoky Burgess
7.3
6.9
0.6
Hal W. Smith
7.1
6.3
1.1
Bob Oldis
0.4
0.3
0.0
Danny Kravitz
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.8
13.6
1.8
First Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Dick Stuart
11.6
10.5
-0.2
Rocky Nelson
5.8
4.7
0.5
R.C. Stevens
0.1
0.0
0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.4
15.2
0.4
Second Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bill Mazeroski
16.9
16.2
1.4
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.5
0.6
-0.1
Gene Baker
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.4
16.8
1.3
Third Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Don Hoak
19.6
16.9
2.1
Gene Baker
0.4
0.5
-0.1
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.0
17.4
2.1
Shortstop
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Dick Groat
18.8
17.9
1.5
Dick Schofield Sr.
2.4
2.1
0.3
Dick Barone
0.0
0.1
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.2
20.1
1.8
Left Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bob Skinner
21.3
20.7
-1.2
Gino Cimoli
0.9
1.0
-0.2
Joe Christopher
0.7
0.9
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.9
22.6
-1.6
Center Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bill Virdon
13.5
12.6
0.0
Gino Cimoli
6.8
6.7
-0.4
Joe Christopher
0.8
0.5
0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.0
19.8
-0.1
Right Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Roberto Clemente
20.4
18.1
0.8
Gino Cimoli
1.6
1.8
-0.3
Joe Christopher
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.0
19.8
0.5
Designated Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Smoky Burgess
1.0
0.5
0.6
Dick Stuart
1.0
0.4
0.6
Rocky Nelson
0.3
0.6
-0.2
Gene Baker
0.2
0.4
-0.1
Bill Virdon
0.4
0.2
0.3
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.2
0.3
-0.0
Gino Cimoli
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Hal W. Smith
0.3
0.1
0.2
Mickey Vernon
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Joe Christopher
0.1
0.3
-0.2
Bob Skinner
0.2
0.1
0.1
Danny Kravitz
0.1
0.2
-0.1
R.C. Stevens
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Harry Bright
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Roman Mejias
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Roberto Clemente
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Dick Groat
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Mazeroski
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.2
4.0
0.6
Pinch Runner
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Joe Christopher
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Gino Cimoli
0.1
0.0
0.1
Roman Mejias
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Virdon
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Gene Baker
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dick Stuart
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Dick Barone
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dick Groat
0.0
0.0
-0.0
R.C. Stevens
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Hoak
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.3
0.4
-0.0
Pitcher Offense
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bob Friend
0.7
2.0
-0.4
Vern Law
1.2
1.4
0.4
Harvey Haddix
1.0
1.1
0.4
Vinegar Bend Mizell
0.5
1.1
-0.1
Bennie Daniels
0.2
0.4
0.0
Tom Cheney
0.3
0.3
0.1
Roy Face
0.2
0.2
0.1
Joe Gibbon
0.2
0.3
0.0
George Witt
0.0
0.2
-0.1
Jim Umbricht
0.1
0.1
0.0
Fred Green
0.1
0.0
0.1
Paul Giel
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Earl Francis
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Clem Labine
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Diomedes Olivo
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.6
7.5
0.5
Starting Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Bob Friend
16.2
13.1
3.3
Vern Law
15.6
13.7
2.0
Harvey Haddix
9.1
8.7
0.5
Vinegar Bend Mizell
8.5
7.2
1.3
Tom Cheney
2.4
2.9
-0.5
Joe Gibbon
2.2
2.5
-0.3
Bennie Daniels
1.2
1.9
-0.7
George Witt
1.2
1.7
-0.5
Jim Umbricht
0.9
1.7
-0.7
------
------
------
TOTAL
57.3
53.5
4.4
Relief Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Roy Face
7.2
6.1
1.0
Fred Green
3.3
3.1
0.1
Clem Labine
1.6
1.1
0.4
Joe Gibbon
1.3
1.1
0.1
Jim Umbricht
0.9
1.1
-0.2
Paul Giel
0.8
1.0
-0.2
Earl Francis
0.3
0.2
0.1
Bennie Daniels
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Diomedes Olivo
0.3
0.2
0.0
Harvey Haddix
0.2
0.1
0.1
Don Gross
0.1
0.1
-0.0
George Witt
0.1
0.1
0.0
Tom Cheney
0.1
0.0
0.0
Bob Friend
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.4
14.7
1.3
Team eWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1960 Pittsburgh Pirates
6.1
1.8
0.4
1.3
2.1
1.8
-1.6
-0.1
0.5
0.6
pWin, pLoss, pWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Smoky Burgess
7.4
6.8
0.9
Hal W. Smith
8.0
5.5
2.7
Bob Oldis
0.4
0.3
0.1
Danny Kravitz
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
15.8
12.5
3.7
First Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Dick Stuart
11.6
10.5
-0.1
Rocky Nelson
5.8
4.7
0.5
R.C. Stevens
0.1
0.0
0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.5
15.2
0.6
Second Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bill Mazeroski
18.4
14.8
4.2
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.6
0.5
0.2
Gene Baker
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.0
15.2
4.4
Third Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Don Hoak
20.8
15.7
4.6
Gene Baker
0.4
0.4
-0.0
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.3
16.1
4.6
Shortstop
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Dick Groat
20.1
16.6
4.1
Dick Schofield Sr.
2.5
2.1
0.4
Dick Barone
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
22.6
18.7
4.5
Left Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bob Skinner
22.6
19.5
1.5
Gino Cimoli
0.7
1.2
-0.5
Joe Christopher
1.0
0.6
0.4
------
------
------
TOTAL
24.3
21.2
1.3
Center Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bill Virdon
13.8
12.3
0.7
Gino Cimoli
6.9
6.6
-0.1
Joe Christopher
1.0
0.3
0.6
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.7
19.2
1.2
Right Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Roberto Clemente
22.4
16.1
4.9
Gino Cimoli
1.6
1.7
-0.2
Joe Christopher
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
24.0
17.8
4.7
Designated Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Smoky Burgess
1.0
0.6
0.5
Dick Stuart
1.2
0.3
0.9
Rocky Nelson
0.3
0.6
-0.3
Gene Baker
0.3
0.3
0.0
Bill Virdon
0.4
0.2
0.2
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.3
0.3
0.0
Gino Cimoli
0.1
0.3
-0.2
Hal W. Smith
0.3
0.1
0.2
Mickey Vernon
0.2
0.2
-0.1
Joe Christopher
0.0
0.3
-0.3
Bob Skinner
0.2
0.1
0.0
Danny Kravitz
0.0
0.2
-0.2
R.C. Stevens
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Harry Bright
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Roman Mejias
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Roberto Clemente
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Dick Groat
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Bill Mazeroski
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.2
4.0
0.6
Pinch Runner
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Joe Christopher
0.2
0.1
0.0
Dick Schofield Sr.
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Gino Cimoli
0.1
0.0
0.1
Roman Mejias
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bill Virdon
0.0
0.0
0.0
Gene Baker
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dick Stuart
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Dick Barone
0.0
0.0
0.0
Dick Groat
0.0
0.0
-0.0
R.C. Stevens
0.0
0.0
0.0
Don Hoak
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.4
0.3
0.1
Pitcher Offense
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bob Friend
0.8
1.9
-0.2
Vern Law
1.1
1.5
0.3
Harvey Haddix
0.8
1.3
0.1
Vinegar Bend Mizell
0.6
1.0
0.1
Bennie Daniels
0.3
0.3
0.2
Tom Cheney
0.3
0.3
0.1
Roy Face
0.3
0.2
0.1
Joe Gibbon
0.2
0.2
0.1
George Witt
0.0
0.2
-0.1
Jim Umbricht
0.1
0.1
0.1
Fred Green
0.1
0.1
0.1
Paul Giel
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Earl Francis
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Clem Labine
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Diomedes Olivo
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.7
7.4
0.7
Starting Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Bob Friend
15.8
13.5
2.4
Vern Law
17.2
12.1
5.4
Harvey Haddix
9.5
8.2
1.4
Vinegar Bend Mizell
8.8
6.9
2.0
Tom Cheney
2.6
2.7
-0.1
Joe Gibbon
2.0
2.7
-0.6
Bennie Daniels
1.1
2.1
-1.0
George Witt
1.3
1.6
-0.4
Jim Umbricht
0.8
1.8
-1.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
59.1
51.7
8.1
Relief Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Roy Face
7.0
6.4
0.4
Fred Green
2.7
3.7
-1.1
Clem Labine
1.8
0.9
0.8
Joe Gibbon
1.3
1.0
0.3
Jim Umbricht
0.9
1.1
-0.2
Paul Giel
0.8
1.0
-0.2
Earl Francis
0.4
0.2
0.2
Bennie Daniels
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Diomedes Olivo
0.3
0.2
0.1
Harvey Haddix
0.2
0.1
0.1
Don Gross
0.1
0.2
-0.1
George Witt
0.1
0.0
0.1
Tom Cheney
0.1
0.0
0.0
Bob Friend
0.1
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.0
15.1
0.4
Team pWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1960 Pittsburgh Pirates
9.2
3.7
0.6
4.4
4.6
4.5
1.3
1.2
4.7
0.7
*
Player won-loss records are calculated using Retrosheet play-by-play data. For some seasons, Retrosheet does not have full play-by-play data for all games. In these cases, some games may be missing.
The number of Games shown here are the number of games for which Retrosheet play-by-play data exist and were used in these calculations.
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